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A preloaded pen holds its contents dissolved from the day it is filled. MOTS-C carries two methionines and a tryptophan, which are the three residues that least enjoy sitting in aqueous solution. Laboratory research use only.
Epic Peptides Lab · Research Use Only
Two methionines and a tryptophan, held in solution for the life of the device
Every preloaded device in this catalogue trades one problem for another. It removes reconstitution and it puts the compound into solution months before anyone uses it. For MOTS-C that trade is sharper than usual, because the sequence contains three residues that are all sensitive to exactly the conditions a filled pen provides.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Compound | MOTS-C |
| Full name | Mitochondrial open reading frame of the twelve S rRNA type-c |
| CAS number | 1627580-64-6 |
| Sequence | Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg |
| Single letter | MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR |
| Residue count | Sixteen |
| Molecular formula | C101H152N28O22S2 |
| Molecular weight | 2174.6 g/mol |
| Oxidisable residues | Two methionines, at positions 1 and 6 |
| Photosensitive residue | One tryptophan, at position 3 |
| Additional aromatics | Two tyrosines and one phenylalanine |
| Device | Preloaded 3ml Disposable Self-injection Pen |
| Declared content | 10mg |
| Nominal concentration | Approximately 3.3 mg/ml, or roughly 1.5 mM |
| Molar content | Approximately 4.6 µmol across the device |
| Supply state | Solution, from the point of manufacture |
| Storage | Refrigerated, protected from light. Follow the supplier condition |
Lyophilized MOTS-C powder is chemically quiet. Water is the medium in which almost every peptide degradation route runs, and removing it slows all of them by orders of magnitude.
A preloaded device gives that up by design, which is the point of the format and the cost of it.
For most sequences the cost is modest. For MOTS-C it is not, and the reason is visible in the sequence.
MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR contains two methionines and a tryptophan.
Methionine oxidises to the sulfoxide under ordinary conditions, taking up an oxygen from dissolved air. The reaction is slow in a dry solid and considerably faster in solution, and it does not require anything unusual to happen.
Tryptophan is the most photosensitive of the standard residues. It degrades through several routes at once, producing a mixture rather than one species.
A pen therefore holds three vulnerable residues in the one state where they are most exposed, for whatever period sits between filling and use.
None of this makes the format unusable. It makes the shelf life question a real one rather than a formality, and it makes the supplier storage condition something to read rather than assume.
The MOTS-C oxidation chemistry is simple and the analytical consequence is not.
Oxidation adds a single oxygen atom to the sulfur, giving a sulfoxide and adding sixteen daltons to the mass.
On a 2174.6 dalton molecule sixteen daltons is about seven tenths of one percent, which a high resolution mass spectrometer separates cleanly and a nominal resolution instrument can miss entirely.
The sulfoxide is more polar than the parent, so it elutes earlier, usually as a shoulder rather than a resolved peak.
With two methionines there are three oxidised species rather than one: oxidation at position 1, oxidation at position 6, and both together at thirty-two daltons.
They do not all appear at the same rate, because the two sites sit in different local environments.
The practical reading is that a chromatogram from a device that has been sitting will show a family of early-eluting material rather than a clean single peak, and interpreting a purity figure without knowing whether the method resolves that family is guesswork.
Whether oxidation matters biologically is a separate question that the published record does not settle for this peptide, and the honest position is that an oxidised preparation is a different article whose activity has not been characterised.
Ten milligrams of MOTS-C in three millilitres is approximately 3.3 milligrams per millilitre.
At 2174.6 daltons that works out near 1.5 millimolar, and the whole device holds roughly 4.6 micromoles.
That is a concentrated stock rather than a working solution.
Published MOTS-C cell work generally sits in the low micromolar range, which means a dilution of roughly a thousandfold between what the device contains and what an assay uses.
A thousandfold dilution is three serial steps, and every step is a place for error to enter.
It is also the point at which adsorption starts to matter, because the final solution is dilute enough for a meaningful fraction of the peptide to end up on the walls of the tube rather than in it.
The device format removes a weighing step and adds a dilution chain. Whether that is a good trade depends on the design, and it is worth working out before ordering rather than after.
One further point about the dilution chain.
A thousandfold dilution can be reached in three tenfold steps or in one direct step from a large volume.
The three-step route is more forgiving of pipetting error at each stage and gives three opportunities for adsorption loss.
The single-step route needs one accurate small-volume transfer into a large one. That is harder to do well and it loses less material overall.
Neither is correct in general, and the choice should be recorded because it changes the number that comes out.
Very little of a sealed MOTS-C device can be checked directly, which is the structural weakness of the format and the reason the paperwork carries more weight here.
The contents cannot be inspected. A vial shows its cake and a device shows a window of clear liquid, and clear liquid is consistent with a wide range of conditions.
Withdrawing material for analysis means using part of the device, which is possible and reduces what is left.
What a certificate should therefore carry for a device is different from what it carries for a vial.
The concentration as filled, determined rather than calculated.
The identity of the compound in the filled solution, not in the powder that went into it.
Purity determined on the filled solution, with the method named and with a statement on whether it resolves the oxidised species.
The vehicle composition in full, including any preservative, buffer or tonicity agent.
The fill date, which on a solution-state article is the field that anchors everything else.
A stability statement with a condition attached. A shelf life quoted without a temperature is not a shelf life.
Deliverable volume per actuation and the tolerance on it, because that is what converts a device into a quantity.
One of those fields does more work than the rest. A fill date lets a reader calculate how long the solution existed before it was used, and every other stability question follows from that number.
This catalogue sells MOTS-C as a 10mg vial and as a 40mg vial, and those pages cover the pharmacology in more depth than a device page should.
The comparison worth making here is about format rather than about the molecule.
A vial gives control over three things at once: concentration, vehicle, and the moment the clock on the solution starts running. It costs a weighing step, a reconstitution step and the errors attached to both.
A device removes those steps and fixes all three of those variables at the point of manufacture.
Where a study needs one concentration in one vehicle and will run soon after the device arrives, the device is straightforwardly better.
Where a study needs several concentrations, a specific buffer, or a defined solution age, the vial is the only option that supports it.
For this compound the solution-age point carries extra weight because of the methionines, so the format decision is less neutral here than it is for a more stable sequence.
The two are also not interchangeable in a record. A study using a device should say so, and should record the fill date, because that is the variable a vial study does not have.
One asymmetry in that comparison is worth naming. A vial can always be made into the equivalent of a device, by dissolving it. A device can never be made back into a vial.
That is the whole of the format decision in one line, and it argues for buying the vial wherever the study is not yet fully designed.
MOTS-C device handling has its own short list and none of it resembles vial handling.
Store at the supplier stated temperature, which for a solution-state peptide will be refrigerated rather than frozen. Freezing a device risks both the peptide and the mechanism.
Keep it dark. The tryptophan is the reason and it is a good enough reason on its own, and the pen body is not always opaque.
Bring the device to room temperature before use rather than actuating it cold, since viscosity affects delivered volume.
Do not shake. Agitation drives peptide to the air-liquid interface, and a partially filled device has a headspace above the solution for exactly that to happen in.
Prime according to the supplier instruction and record whether priming was done, since it changes the first delivered volume.
Verify delivered volume gravimetrically before relying on it. Weigh an actuation onto a balance, repeat it several times, and use the measured figure rather than the nominal one.
Record the lot, the fill date, the date the device was first used, the storage temperature and the measured delivery volume.
Fill date and first-use date are both worth having, because the interval between them is the exposure the peptide has actually had, and it is the number nobody can reconstruct later.
A closing note on what a device cannot be asked to do.
It cannot supply a second concentration, it cannot supply a different vehicle, and it cannot be made younger.
All three are fixed at manufacture.
Recognising that before ordering is the difference between a format that saves work and one that quietly constrains a study.
Selected references on the peptide, on the mitochondrial-derived peptide family and on the degradation routes available to a peptide held in solution.
What is MOTS-C?
MOTS-C is a sixteen residue peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene. Its sequence is MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR and it carries CAS 1627580-64-6.
Why is solution supply harder for this sequence?
MOTS-C carries two methionines and a tryptophan, and water is the medium in which peptide degradation runs, and a preloaded device holds those three residues dissolved from the point of manufacture.
What does methionine oxidation do to the mass?
It adds sixteen daltons per site as the sulfoxide forms. With two methionines there are three oxidised species: either site alone, or both together at thirty-two daltons.
Is that visible on a routine chromatogram?
Usually as an early-eluting shoulder rather than a resolved peak, because the sulfoxide is more polar than the parent. Whether the method separates it should be stated rather than assumed.
Does oxidation change the activity?
The published record does not settle that for MOTS-C. The honest position is that an oxidised preparation is a different article whose activity has not been characterised.
What concentration is in the device?
Ten milligrams of MOTS-C in three millilitres, so roughly 3.3 milligrams per millilitre or about 1.5 millimolar. The whole device holds approximately 4.6 micromoles.
How far does that need diluting?
Published cell work generally sits in the low micromolar range, so around a thousandfold. That is three serial steps, and the final solution is dilute enough for adsorption to matter.
What can be checked in a sealed device?
Very little directly. The contents cannot be inspected and analysis consumes part of the fill, which shifts more weight onto the certificate than a vial format does.
What should a device certificate add?
Concentration as filled rather than calculated, identity and purity determined on the filled solution, full vehicle composition, the fill date, a stability statement with a temperature, and deliverable volume with its tolerance.
When is a device better than a vial?
When a study needs one concentration in one vehicle and will run soon after delivery. A vial is the only option where several concentrations, a specific buffer or a defined solution age are needed.
Should delivered volume be measured?
Yes, gravimetrically. Weigh several actuations onto a balance and use the measured figure rather than the nominal one, since that is what converts a device into a quantity.
What belongs in the record?
Lot, fill date, first-use date, storage temperature and measured delivery volume. The interval between fill and first use is the exposure the peptide has had and cannot be reconstructed later.
MOTS-C is sold exclusively for laboratory research use. It is not a drug, food, or cosmetic product, and it is not a dietary product of any kind. It is not approved by the FDA or any comparable authority for human or veterinary use, it is supplied here in a preloaded solution-state device rather than as lyophilized powder and the handling conventions written for vials do not apply to it, the sequence carries two oxidisable methionines and a photosensitive tryptophan whose degradation in solution is not always visible to a nominal resolution method, the activity of oxidised preparations has not been characterised in the published record, and no compound in this range is offered for any human or veterinary purpose. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. It must not be given to humans or animals. Purchase is restricted to qualified researchers and institutions operating within applicable laws. All handling is the responsibility of the purchasing laboratory.
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